Spain has recently implemented a new regulation requiring identity verification for all transactions conducted at crypto ATMs across the nation, marking the end of anonymous usage of these machines. This significant shift comes in light of an impending review by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) concerning anti-money laundering measures.
The Spanish government passed Real Decreto-ley 25/2026 on September 29, which integrates crypto-asset service providers into the framework established by the country’s 2010 anti-money-laundering legislation. This legislative change was prompted by concerns expressed by legal experts about Spain’s perception as a potential weak link in combating criminal financing and enforcing international sanctions, as highlighted by the law firm Gómez-Acebo & Pombo.
Preparing for FATF Review
The new Real Decreto 813/2026, published in the Official State Gazette (BOE) on October 8, informs Spain’s preparations for the FATF’s upcoming mutual evaluation scheduled for 2026 and 2027. This evaluation entails a comprehensive audit of the existing anti-money-laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing (CTF) frameworks within Spain.
In anticipation of this assessment, Spain’s Treasury has sought expert consultation by securing a contract valued at up to 2.48 million euros. This initiative indicates a proactive approach to align with FATF evaluation methodologies, particularly after prior reviews pointed out deficiencies in customer identification and oversight resources.
To address these concerns, the Real Decreto 813/2026 will augment the staff at Spain’s financial intelligence unit, Sepblac.
Key Changes Introduced by Royal Decree 813/2026
Under the latest decree, operators of crypto ATMs will have 18 months to implement mandatory electronic identification systems for their users. Additionally, Spain’s digital national ID framework has been designated as the processing authority for these verifications.
The decree goes beyond crypto regulations, imposing stricter guidelines on online gambling, notary services, and nonprofit organizations. It also partially aligns Spain’s legislation with the EU’s forthcoming anti-money-laundering directive, Directive (EU) 2024/1640, to bolster compliance.
Previously, Real Decreto-ley 25/2026 was enacted on September 30, which aimed to bring Spanish law in line with the EU’s “travel rule” regarding cryptocurrencies, mandating that both sender and recipient information must accompany crypto transactions. The European Commission had previously initiated an infringement case against Spain in 2025 due to non-compliance in this area.
Spain’s Position in the European Market
With a substantial lead in the number of crypto ATMs, Spain has the largest network in Europe, primarily centered in major urban areas like Barcelona, Madrid, and Andalusia. Nevertheless, Spain’s regulatory measures are now tightening in response to growing international pressure—a trend seen in other countries as well.
For instance, Canada announced plans in April to ban crypto ATMs, identifying them as a primary method for facilitating fraud and money laundering. In the United States, states such as Indiana and Tennessee have enacted bans on these machines, and firms like Coinme are beginning to shut down kiosks in various states as part of settlement agreements related to compliance issues with financial regulations.
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